Americana

Ku itariki ya 12 y’ukwa kane 1999, urukiko rwo ku rwego rw’igihugu muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika rwahamije Perezida Bill Clinton icyaha cyo kurusuzugura.

Intandaro ni umutegarugoli witwa Paula Jones. Mu 1991, yari afite imyaka 25 y’amavuko. Yari umukozi wa guverinona ya leta y’Arkansas, iri mu majyepfo ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Bill Clinton yari ayibereye guverineri muri icyo gihe. Paula Jones yemeza ko Clinton yamuberabeje muri uwo mwaka, ashaka ko baryamana.

Byabanje gukururana nk’ibihuha muri rubanda no mu itangazamakuru. Ariko mu kwezi kwa mbere 1994, ubwo Bill Clinton yari amaze umwaka ari perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Paula Jones yamureze mu rukiko rwo ku rwego rw’igihugu rwicaye mu mujyi wa Little Rock, umurwa mukuru wa leta y’Arkansas.

Rwari urubanza mbonezamubano. Jones yasabaga indishyi z’amadolari 700,000.

Mu kwa munani 1994, Bill Clinton yatambamiye ikirego, yandikira urwo rukiko ko rudashobora kumukurikirana. Yasobanuye ko kuba ari umukuru w’igihugu bimuha ubudahangarwa mu bucamanza.

Urukiko rwamuhaye ukuri, ruvuga ko Clinton adashobora kuburanishwa akiri perezida, ariko ko anketi zishobora gukomeza, urubanza rukazaburanishwa Clinton yaravuye ku butegetsi.

Jones yarajuriye, noneho mu 1996, urukiko rw’ubujurire rwo rwanzura ko “Perezida w’igihugu agengwa n’amategeko amwe n’abaturage bose” bityo rero ku urubanza rugomba kuburanishwa.

Clinton nawe yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’igihugu. Ku itariki ya 27 y’ukwa gatanu 1997, rwaciye iteka, ruti: “Nta rukiko rufite ububasha bwo gutinza ikirego mbonezamubano kuri Perezida w’igihugu kugera avuye ku butegetsi.”

Rwateye utwatsi ubudahangarwa Clinton yavugaga ko ahabwa n’umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, rutegeka ko urubanza rwa Paula Jones rukomeza. Urubanza rwasubiye rero mu rukiko rw’i Little Rock.

Umwe mu batangabuhamya mu rubanza rwa Paula Jones yari umukobwa wamenyekanye cyane: Monica Lewinsky, nawe waje kuvuga ko yagiranye imibonano mpuzabitsina na Perezida Clinton, ubwo yimenyerezaga akazi mu biro by’umukuru w’igihugu Maison Blanche.

Umushinjacyaha wihariye Kenneth Starr, wari usanzwe ashinzwe dosiye ya Paula Jones, amaze kumenya amakuru ya Lewinsky, nayo yatangiye kuyakoraho anketi.

Muri izi anketi, Starr yabajije Perezida Clinton, wari wakoze indahiro ko agomba kuvugisha ukuri, niba koko ibyo Paula Jones na Monica Lewinsky bamurega yarabikoze.

Yarabihakanye, ariko nyuma aza gutangaza kuri televiziyo ko “yagize imyitwarire idakwiye,” asaba imbabazi Abanyamerika. Byatumye umushinjacyaha wihariye amushyiraho icyaha cyo gutambamira ubutabera n’icya kabiri cyo kubeshya mu ndahiro mu buhamya yatanze mu rukiko ku birebana na Paula Jones.

Umushinjacyaha Ken Starr yagishyikirije inteko ishinga amategeko – Umutwe w’Abadepite. Nawo waracyemeje ku itariki ya 19 y’ukwa cumi na kabiri 1998.

Abadepite nabo bagishyikirije Sena, yahindutse urukiko, irakiburanisha, yanzura igize umwere Perezida Clinton ku itariki ya 12 y’ukwa kabiri 1999.

Hashize amezi abiri, umucamanza Susan Webber Wright w’urukiko rwo ku rwego rw’igihugu rwa Little Rock, waburanishaga urubanza rwa Paula Jones, yafatiye ku kirego cya kabiri cy’umushinjacyaha wihariye Kenneth Starr, maze, ku itariki ya 12 y’ukwa kane 1999, ahamya Perezida Bill Clinton icyaha cyo “gususugura urukiko,” kubera “kurubeshya nkana, yabigambiriye.”

Bill Clinton ni we perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika wa mbere n’uwa nyuma kugeza ubu urukiko rwahamije icyaha cyo kurusuzugura.

Umucamanza Wright yamuhanishije ihazabu y’amadolari 90,000. Yasabye kandi Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa leta y’Arkansas kwambura Bill Clinton ikarita y’abavoka.

Mu kwa kane 2000, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Arkansas rwayimwambuye by’agateganyo mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu, rumuca n’ihazabu y’amadolari 25,000. Mu kwa 11, 2001, Bill Clinton yahisemo kwegura mu rugaga rw’abavoka bo muri leta y’Arkansas, atanga ikarita ye.

Naho ku birebana n’urubanza rwa Paula Jones, Bill Clinton yamwishyuye amadolari 850,000.

Ku itariki ya 14 y’ukwa gatatu 1950, FBI (ikigo cy’ubugenzacyaha cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika) yatangaje urutonde rwa mbere na mbere rw’abanyabyaha icumi ba ruharwa ishakisha cyane kurusha abandi.

Umushinga waturutse ku kigo ntaramakuru kigenga cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyitwaga “International News Service.” Mu 1949, uwari umwanditsi mukuru wacyo yabajije FBI abanyabyaha bakomeye yashakishaga kurusha abandi.

Abakoraho inkuru, rubanda barayikunda, barayisoma cyane ku buryo butangaje. Byeretse FBI ko abaturage bashobora kuba ingirakamaro, maze mu mwaka wakurikiyeho itangaza ku mugaragaro icumi ba mbere.

Kugirango FBI ishyire umuntu ku rutonde, yaba Umunyamerika cyangwa umunyamahanga, ireba uburemere bw’ibyaha imushinja, bimugira icyago kuri rubanda.

Ishyira urutonde ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, mu binyamakuru, televiziyo, radiyo, na Internet (aho iziye), yizera ko abaturage bashobora gutanga amakuru ku bashakishwa.

Turasanga ku rubuga rwa Internet rwa FBI ko umuntu wa mbere na mbere yashyize ku rutonde yitwa Thomas James Holden, wari warishe umugore we na basaza be babiri.

Thomas James Holden yari asanzwe kandi ari umubandi wa ruharwa, wibaga akoresheje intwaro. Yari yarafunzwe inshuro ebyiri, bwa mbere atoroka gereza, bwa kabiri arekurwa by’agateganyo mbere yo gukora iryo bara. Amaze kubica, yarahunze, ahindura n’amazina, ariko umuturage wari warabonye ifoto ye mu kinyamakuru aza kumumenya, arya akara FBI, maze imuta muri yombi mu 1951. Yaguye muri gereza amazemo imyaka ibiri, azize indwara y’umutima. Yari afite imyaka 57 y’amavuko.

Umuntu ugiye ku rutonde arugumaho kugera afashwe cyangwa apfuye ataratabwa muri yombi. Hari igihe na none FBI ishobora kurumukuraho iyo yumva atakiri icyago kuri rubanda. Iyo igize uwo ikuraho, ihita ishyiraho undi urumusimburaho. Ariko hariho n’igihe, gake cyane, ishobora gushyiraho n’uwa 11. Kuri FBI, abantu bose irushyizeho baba ari amahano kimwe. Nta kuvuga ngo uyu ni uwa mbere, uriya ni uwa kabiri, cyangwa se ni uwa cumi.

Kuva FBI isohoye urutonde rwa mbere mu 1950 kugera ku itariki ya 7 y’ukwa mbere 2023, abarugezeho bose hamwe bari imbere mu gihugu ni 529. Muri bo, 435 yabataye muri yombi. Barimo 163 amakuru yabo yaturutse ku baturage. Naho abo FBI yafatiye mu mahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye ni 59.

Ku banyuze ku rutonde kandi, 11 ni abagore. Uwa mbere muri bo yarugiyeho mu kwezi kwa 12, 1968. Yitwa Ruth Eisemann-Schier. FBI yari umukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gushimuta umuntu no gusaba umuryango we amafaranga y’ingurane. Yatawe muri yombi amaze iminsi 79 ashakishwa. Ageze mu rukiko, yemeye ibyaha, rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi. Yarekuwe by’agateganyo amazemo imyaka ine, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ihita imwirukana ku butaka bwayo, imwohereza mu gihugu cye cy’amavuko, Honduras, ku mugabane w’Amerika y’Epfo.

Umuntu wamaze igihe gito ku rutonde yatawe muri yombi amaze amasaha abiri gusa aruriho. Byari mu 1969. Uwarugumyeho igihe kirekire yarumazeho imyaka 32. Yarumushyizeho mu 1984, irumukuraho mu 2016. Ariko iracyamushakisha. Ikeka ko aba muri Cuba. Uwo yarushyizeho akuze kurusha abandi yari afite imyaka 80, mu 2019, irumukuraho mu 2022, imaze gufata umwanzuro ko atakiri ikibazo ku baturage. Ariko nawe iracyamushakisha.

Kugirango ishishikarize abantu gutinyuka kuyiha amakuru ku bantu icumi ba ruharwa ba mbere ishakisha, FBI ishyiraho igihembo. Akenshi na kenshi kigera ku madolari 100,000. Ariko hari igihe igena n’arenzeho kure. Aha twatanga ingero nko kuri Oussama ben Laden, washinze umutwe w’iterabwoba al-Qaida. Yari yaramushyizeho amadolari miliyoni 25. Ingabo z’Amerika zamwiciye iwe mu rugo mu mujyi wa Abbottabad muri Pakistani mu 2011. Amadolari miliyoni 25 ni na yo yarashyize kuri Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, washinze umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Leta ya Kislamu. Nawe yishwe n’ingabo z’Amerika iwe mu rugo mu mudugudu wa Barisha muri Siriya mu 2019.

Twavuga na none bamwe mu Banyarwanda FBI ishakisha cyangwa yashakishaga kubera ibyaha bya jenoside. Kuri Felisiyani Kabuga, ubu urimo uburana mu rukiko mpuzamahanga i La Haye mu Buholandi, FBI yari yaramushyizeho igihembo cy’amadolari miliyoni eshanu ku muntu wese wari kumutangaho amakuru yatuma atabwa muri yombi.

Ni yo yashyize no kuri buri wese mu bandi Banyarwanda barindwi: Bizimana Augustin wahoze ari minisitiri w’ingabo z’u Rwanda (Umuryango w’Abibumbye watangaje ko yapfiriye muri Kongo-Brazzaville mu mwaka w’2000) Major Mpiranya Protais (ONU yemeje ko yapfiriye muri Zimbabwe mu 2006 azize uburwayi), Kayishema Fulgence, Ndimbati Aloys, Lieutenant-Colonel Munyarugarama Pheneas (ONU yavuze ko yapfiriye muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo, mu 2002, azize urw’ikirago), Sikubwabo Charles na Ryandikayo Charles.