Yego, ejobundi kuwa mbere yahaye uruhushya Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibikorwa rusange bya leta, General Services Administration, GSA mu magambo ahinnye, rwo gutangira guha Joe Biden, w'ishyaka ry'Abademokarate, ibikenerwa yemerewe n'amategeko nk'uwatorewe kuzaba umukuru w'igihugu. Ibyo bikenerwa birimo ingengo y'imali yo gukoresha mu kazi ke ko kwitegura kuyobora igihugu, ibiro akoreramo we n'abakozi be b'inzibacyuho n'ibikoresho bijyana nabyo, kuborohereza ingendo, n'itumanaho.
Ariko rero, Perezida Trump, ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter, yongeyeho ko urugamba rugikomeza mu nkiko. Yatanze ibirego bigera kuri 36 mu nkinko za leta zitandukanye, avuga ko amatora yabayemo ubujura.
Si ubwa mbere mu mateka ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika amatora y'umukuru w'igihugu abayemo amakimbirane. Mureke turebere hamwe ane yateje impaka cyane kurusha ayandi. Ikaze mu kiganiro Americana.
Nshuti zacu, tubanze dusubire inyuma gato twibukiranye uko perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika watowe yemezwa burundu.
Inzego zibishinzwe n'amategeko ntizirabyemeza burundu, ariko ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika, birimo na VOA (Ijwi ry'Amerika), n'abanyapolitiki bakomeye bamwe na bamwe, bemeza ko Joe Biden yujuje amajwi yagenwe n'itegeko yo gutsinda amatora.
Izi nzego zibishinzwe n'amategeko zihera muri leta zigize igihugu. Zose zarangije kubarura amajwi. Inyinshi ndetse zarangije gusoza no gushyira umukono na kashe kuri raporo z'ibyavuye mu matora.
Na nyuma ya bene iyi mirimo, uwatsinzwe amatora aba agifite uburenganzira bwo kujurira. Ariko bigira iminsi ntarengwa. Urugero, muri leta ya Arizona n'iya Georgia, zombi mu majyepfo ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, kandida watsinzwe aba afite iminsi itanu nyuma yo gupfundikira ibyavuye mu matora.
Uko byagenda kose, amakimbirane yose nayo agira igihe ntarengwa agomba kurangira, nk'uko Prof Kimberly Wehle, wigisha iby'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Baltimore, muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, yabisobanuriye Ijwi ry'Amerika.
Uyu mwaka, italiki ntarengwa ni iya 8 y'ukwezi gutaha kwa 12. Leta zose uko ari 50 na Washington D.C., umurwa mukuru w'igihugu, bagomba kuba barangije gukemura amakimbirane yose no kwemeza ibyavuye mu matora.
Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yaho, ku italiki ya 14 y'ukwa 12, abagize Koleji y'Abatora bazaterana mu mirwa mikuru ya buri leta yabo, no ku rwego rwa Washington D.C., maze batore perezida w'igihugu na visi-perezida we. Nibarangiza gutora, inyandiko mvugo z'imirimo yabo, bazabishyiraho imikono yabo, na kashe ya buri leta, babyoherereze perezida wa Sena y'igihugu.
Perezida wa Sena ni visi-perezida wa Repubulika, nk'uko itegeko nshinga ribivuga. Muri iki gihe ni Mike Pence, wo mu ishyaka ry'Abarepubulikani. Ku italiki ya 6 y'ukwezi kwa mbere k'umwaka utaha, azakoranya inteko ishinga amategeko, Congress, imitwe yose iteranye, ikore ibarura ry'amajwi azaba yaravuye muri Koleji y'Abatora, maze yemeze burundu perezida mushya na visi-perezida we.
Amatora y'umukuru w'igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika yabayemo amakimbirane ni menshi. Ariko, nk'uko tubisanga mu binyamakuru byinshi bitandukanye, ane ni yo yarushije ayandi.
Ubwa mbere ni mu 1876. Ishyaka ry'Abarepubulikani ryari rihagarariwe mu matora na Guverineri wa leta ya Ohio, Rutherford Hayes. Naho kandida w'Abademokarate yari Guverineri wa leta ya New York, Samuel Tilden.
Ku munsi w'itora, amajwi ya mbere yasaga n'aho aha intsinzi Tilden muri leta eshatu zo mu majyepfo y'igihugu, Florida, Louisiana na Carolina y'Epfo, zari ziganjemo Abarepubulikani. Abarepubulikani batangiye kubinenga, bavuga ko abayoboke babo batewe ubwoba, cyane cyane Abirabura, kugirango batajya gutora, kandi ko n'amajwi yibwe. Byatumye inzego zishinzwe iby'amatora ziburizamo amajwi menshi, ziha intsinzi kandida w'Umurepubulikani Hayes.
Amatora amaze kurangira mu gihugu hose, Hayes yatsinze n'amajwi 185 ya Koleji y'Abatora, kw'184 ya Tilden. Ntawabonye rero ubwiganze busesuye bw'amajwi yo kumugira perezida wa Repubulika. Bakiranuwe n'inteko ishinga amategeko, nk'uko itegeko nshinga ribiteganya. Yatoye mu kwezi kwa mbere 1877, ihitamo Hayes.
Abademokarate nabo babanje kubyanga, baza kuva kw'izima ari uko bo n'Abarepubulikani bageze ku cyo bise “Compromise of 1877.” Ni nko kuvuga Ubwumvikane bwo mu 1877. Mu byo aya maserano yateganyaga harimo ko Perezida Hayes azahita atangira gukura ingabo z'igihugu muri leta zo mu majyepfo zari zaranze guca ubucakara, bituma ziteza intambara y'isubiranamo ry'abenegihugu, yabaye kuva mu 1861 kugera mu 1865. Yarangiye zitsinzwe. Imyaka 11 nyuma y'iyi ntambara, zari zikiri mu butegetsi bwa gisilikali.
Abahanga mu by'amateka ya politiki bemeza ko aya masezerano yabaye intandaro yo gushyiraho amategeko akumira Abirabura mu matora muri leta zo mu majyepfo.
Amatora ya kabiri yabayemo amakimbirane cyane ni ayo mu 1888. Perezida Grover Cleveland, w'Umudemokarate, yiyamarizaga manda ya kabiri. Yapiganwe na Senateri Benjamin Harrison w'Umurepubulikani.
Uwari ushinzwe imali mw'ikipe yo kwiyamamaza ya Harrison yandikiye ibaruwa abayobozi b'ishyaka ry'Abarepubulikani bo muri leta imwe yitwa Indiana, ababwira uko bagomba gutanga ruswa zo kugura amajwi. Yavugaga ko buri Murepubulikani yagombaga kugura byibura abaturage batanu. Byiswe “blocks of five” mu Congereza. Iyi baruwa yaguye ku Bademokarate. Barayamamaje cyane mu minsi yabanjirije amatora, itera induru mu gihugu.
Amatora yarangiye Perezida Cleveland ari we ufite amajwi menshi ya rubanda. Yarushije Harrison amajwi agera ku bihumbi ijana. Ariko Cleveland yatsinzwe muri Koleji y'Abatora, bitewe n'ukuntu Harrison yaguze amajwi.
Cleveland yirinze kunenga ibyavuye muri Koleji y'Abatora. Yaremeye rero, atanga intebe. Ariko nyuma y'imyaka ine, yaragarutse na none mu matora, aba ari we uyatsinda, yigaranzura Harrison na none bapiganwaga. Bityo, Grover Cleveland ni we mu mateka wabaye perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika inshuro ebyiri zitandukanye, zidakurikiranye. Bamwita perezida wa 22 n'uwa 24.
Naho inkurikizi zo kugura amajwi, na biriya bise blocks of five, byatumye igihugu cyose gishyiraho amategeko yo gutora mu ibanga.
Mu matora yo mu 1960, uwari visi-perezida wa Repubulika, Umurepubulikani Richard Nixon, yapiganwe na Senateri w'Umudemokarate John F. Kennedy. Kennedy yayatsinze arusha Nixon amajwi 0.2% gusa. Abarepubulikani bateye hejuru, barabyanga. By'umwihariko, bikomye Meya Richard Daley wa Chicago, umujyi wa gatatu muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, bavuga ko yibiye amajwi Kennedy, bituma Kennedy atsinda muri leta ya Illinois, uyu mujyi wa Chicago urimo. Richard Daley yari Umudemokarate nka Kennedy.
Abarepubulikani bakoze anketi muri Illinois, ndetse no muri leta ya Texas, baza kwemeza ko amatora hombi yabayemo ubujura. Ariko Nixon we yakurikije urugero rwa Cleveland. Nawe yanze gutera utwatsi ibyavuye mu matora, yemera ko atsinzwe. Imyaka umunani nyuma, mu 1968, yarongeye ariyamamaza, noneho aratsinda.
Amatora abenshi bibuka bya hafi ni ayo mu 2000. Visi-perezida wa Repubulika, Al Gore, w'Umudemokarate, yapiganwaga na Guverineri wa leta ya Texas, George W. Bush, w'Umurepubulikani. Ku munsi w'itora, amakimbirane yabaye kuri leta ya Florida yonyine.
George Bush yatsinze Florida arusha Al Gore amajwi 537 yonyine gusa. Al Gore yabanje gutangaza ko yatsinzwe amatora, ahamagara George Bush kuri telefoni amushima. Nyuma yaje kwisubiraho, asaba ko amajwi yongera kubarurwa bundi bushya muri Florida. Bush yarabitambamiye, abirega mu rukiko rw'ikirenga rwa leta ya Florida. Yaratsinzwe, koko amajwi atangira kubarurwa na none.
Hashize ukwezi iryo barura rya kabiri ritararangira, ku italiki ya 12 y'ukwa 12, mu 2000, saa yine y'ijoro, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika rwategetse ko rihagarara. Rwavuze ko iyi ari yo yari italiki ntarengwa Congress yategetse ko leta ziba zarangije kwemeza abagombaga kugira Koleji y'Abatora, bityo ko ibarura ridashobora gukomeza. Bukeye, Al Gore yarabyemeye, avuga ko atsinzwe.
Nshuti zacu, ngayo amatora ya perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika yabayemo amakimbirane kurusha ayandi mbere y'ayangaya yo muri uyu mwaka w'2020.
Ikiganiro Americana cy’uyu munsi ni aha gihumurije. Mbashimiye ko mwagiteze amatwi. Uwagira ikibazo cyangwa igitekerezo yifuza kudusangiza n'abandi banywanyi b'Ijwi ry'Amerika yakitugezaho, tukamutumikira. Aderesi ni radiyoyacu@gmail.com. Mugire umunsi mwiza. Mwari kumwe na Thomas Kamilindi. Murakarama.
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