Muri iyi minsi, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yahagaritse by’agateganyo mfashanyo igenera amahanga. U Rwanda narwo rwanze imfashanyo z’Ububiligi. Ubundi, imfashanyo ni iki? Zigamije iki?
Ibigo by’ubushakashatsi Brookings (cy’i Washington DC) cyangwa Britannica (gifite icyicaro gikuru mu mujyi wa Chicago muri leta ya Illinois) bisobanura ko imfashanyo ari uburyo bw’igihugu kifite bwo kugoboka ikindi gifite amikoro make cyangwa abaturage bacyo.
Bishobora kuba kugiha amafaranga n’ubukungu muri rusange (birimo n’abajyanama), inkunga za gisirikare (zirimo ibikoresho, amasomo n’imyitozo), cyangwa iz’ubutabazi mu gihe cy’ibiza (nk’ibiribwa cyangwa imiti).
Imfashanyo zishobora kuva mu gihugu zijya mu kindi nta handi zinyuze, cyangwa se na none ziciye mu miryango mpuzamahanga, nk’amashami ya ONU atandukanye, Banki y’isi yose, Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imali, cyangwa se imiryango itegamiye kuri leta.
Muri iki gihe, imfashanyo zituruka mu bihugu bikize zijya mu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Mu myaka y’1900 na za 70, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wasabye ko imfashanyo zagera ku rugero rwa 0,7% by’umusaruro mbumbe wa buri gihugu
cyateye imbere. Mu byabigezeho harimo nka Noruveje, Suwede, Luxembourg, Danemark, n’Ubwongereza. Muri rusange, ibihugu bikize bitanga 0,4% by’umusaruro mbumbe wabyo. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika igeza kuri 0,2%. Ariko kubera ko ari cyo gihugu gikize cyane kurusha ibindi, imfashanyo zacyo ziza kure kw’isonga.
Abahanga mu bya dipolomasi na politiki mpuzamahanga bemeza ko mu by’ukuri imfashanyo zigamije kurengera umutekano n’inyungu z’ibihugu bizitanga. Urugero ni nka Bryan Clark, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubushakashatsi ku birebana n’ingabo z’igihugu n’ikoranabuhanga mu kigo citwa Hudson Institute cy’i Washington DC. Yavuganye n’Ijwi ry’Amerika kuri Skype. Agira ati:
“Imfashanyo, n’ubwo zitabyara ubucuti buteza imbere inyungu za Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, ni ngombwa kuko ziha Leta zunze ubumwe ingufu ku buryo butagaragara kandi zigatuma igira igitinyiro n’icyubahiro kw’isi.”
Ku rundi ruhande, abaterankunga bavuga ko imfashanyo zigamije guha abazihabwa ubushobozi bwo kwikura mu bukene, no guhindura isi ikagenda iba nziza kurushaho. Ariko abazihabwa si ko bose babibona.
Ni gutyo abakuru b’ibihugu by’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afrika mu nama isanzwe yabo ya 38, yateraniye i Addis-Abeba muri Etiyopiya kuri 15 na 16 z’ukwezi kwa kabiri, bagarutse ku ngaruka z’icyemezo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyo guhagarika by’agateganyo imfashanyo mpuzamahanga.
Bahuriza hamwe n’abahanga mu by’ubukungu, nk’umutegarugoli Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, umuyobozi mukuru w’Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (Organisation Mondiale du Commerce). Yabibwiye televiziyo “Channels” y’i Lagos, umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu wa Nijeriya, igihugu akomokamo, mu gihe inama y’Afrika yari iteranye yagize ati:
“Afrika dukeneye cyane rwose guhindura imyumvire. Dukwiye kumva ko ikintu kitwa imfashanyo ari amateka yahise. Ahubwo dukwiye gushyira imbaraga mu bintu bibiri: gukurura ishoramari no kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere wacu.”
Naho Leta y'u Rwanda, yo iti: “Gukoresha imfashanyo nk’intwaro ya politiki si byo, ntibikwiye.”
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