Conventions, inama rukokoma, z’amashyaka ya politiki abiri akomeye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zararangiye. Iy’Abarepubulikani yabaye kuva kuri 15 kugera kuri 18 mu kwa karindwi gushize. Naho iy’Abademokarate yateranye kuva kuri 19 kugera kuri 22 muri uku kwezi kwa munani. Televiziyo zazigizemo uruhe ruhare? Ese ishyaka ribonye abazireba benshi ni ryo ritsinda amatora? Mureke tubirebere hamwe muri make.
Conventions mu 1831 mu rwego rwo kwitegura amatora ya 12 ya perezida wa Repubulika yo mu 1832. Icyo zigamije cya mbere ni ukwemeza, ku mugaragaro, abakandida b’amashyaka ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu no kwereka rubanda ko ishyaka ryose rimuri inyuma. Ziba buri myaka ine, nk’uko n’amatora ya perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika aba buri myaka ine.
Icya kabiri: hari ubwo zerekana bwa mbere abantu bazamuka cyane muri politiki. Urugero ni nka Barack Obama. Mu 2004, ubwo yari afite imyaka 43 y’amavuko, yari senateri ku rwego rwa leta ya Illinois. Inama rukokoma y’ishyaka rye ry’Abademokarate, yabaye mu kwezi kwa karindwi 2004 mu mujyi wa Boston muri leta ya Massachusetts, yamuhaye ijambo, avuga disikuru ifite ingufu cyane, bituma rubanda bamumenya. Ni uko yatangiye kuzamuka vuba vuba muri politiki mu rwego rw’igihugu.
Icya gatatu, Conventions zigamije gutera akanyabugabo kisumbuyeho abayoboke b’ishyaka, no kureshya abantu benshi bishoboka bageze mu gihe cyo gutora: Convention ya mbere yatambutse kuri radiyo mu 1924. Yari iy’Abarepubulikani. Aho tekeleviziyo iziye, amashyaka yayibonyemo uburyo butangaje bwo kugera ku baturage benshi kurusha mbere. Inama rukokoma ya mbere na mbere mu mateka kuri televiziyo nayo ni iy’Abarepubulikani mu 1940. Abantu bayikurikiye kuri televiziyo bagera ku 50.000. Icyo gihe ariko ntibarebaga Convention muri uwo mwanya irimo iba.
Ubwa mbere na mbere byabaye imyaka ine nyuma yaho, mu 1948, televiziyo zihitisha Conventions z’amashyaka yombi, iry’Abademokarate n’iry’Abarepubulikani. Uko imyaka yagiye ikurikirana, ni nako abantu bakurikira Conventions kuri televiziyo bagiye biyongera bagera mu mamiliyoni, biza kurenga n’imipaka televiziyo z’amahanga nazo zikazitambutsa.
Ariko se, twigumiye muri Amerika, kugira Convention ikurikiwe n’abantu benshi kurusha indi bivuze ko ishyaka ryayo ari ryo ritsinda amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu? Abademokarate bazabona igisubizo mu kwa 11 gutaha.
Muri rusange, abantu miliyoni 22 bakurikiye kuri televiziyo inama rukokoma y’Abademokarate. Baruta abarebye iy’Abarepubulikani, bari miliyoni 19.1. Mw’ijoro rya nyuma rya buri shyaka, abakurikiye kuri televiziyo ijambo rya kandida w’Abademokarate, Kamala Harris, miliyoni 26.2, baruta abarebye irya kandida w’Abarepubulikani, miliyoni 25.4.
Byatuma Harris yizera ko ari we uzatorwa se kw’itariki ya 5 y’ukwa 11? Ni ukubyitondera. Koko rero, kuva mu 1960, mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu 16 amaze kuba (iri ryo muri uyu mwaka ni 17), inshuro umunani, ishyaka ryagize inama rukokoma yakurikiwe cyane kurusha iy’irindi ni ryo ryatsinze amatora ya perezida wa Repubulika. Izindi nshuro umunani ryarayatsinzwe.
Ikindi kandi, n’ubwo Convention yagukururira abaturage benshi kuri televiziyo kurusha irindi shyaka, maze mu matora ukabona amajwi menshi ya rubanda kurusha uwo muyahanganyemo, ntibivuze ko utsinda. Urugero: mu 2016, iy’Abademokarate yarushaga iy’Abarepubulikani abareba televiziyo nka miliyoni muri rusange. Ku munsi w’itora, kandida w’Abademokarate, Hillary Clinton, yarushije uw’Abarepubulikani, Donald Trump, amajwi ya rubanda 2.1%. Ariko Trump ni we wabaye umukuru w’igihugu: yabonye amajwi 306 ya Koleji y’Abatora kuri 232 ya Hillary Clinton.
Umwanzuro: mu by’ukuri, abaturage ba Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bareba inama rukokoma z’amashyaka bakurikije cyane cyane iryo barimo cyangwa babogamiyeho. Ni ko byagenze no muri aya matora. Mu gihe cya Convention y’Abarepubulikani, televiziyo Fox News ibabogamiyeho ni yo yabonye abayireba benshi. Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe cya Convention y’Abademokarate, televiziyo MSNBC ibabogamiyeho ni yagize abantu benshi bayikurikira kurusha izindi zose. Kugira rero Convention ikurikiwe n’abantu benshi kurusha indi ntibivuze byanze bikunze ko ishyaka ryayo ari ryo ritsinda amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu.
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