Madamu Anne L’Huillier yabaye umugore wa gatanu mu mateka wegukanye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu cyiciro cy’ubugenge – Fizike kuva ibi bihembo byatangira gutangwa muw’1901.
Ni igihembo asangiye n’abagabo babiri bafatanyije mu bushakashatsi ku bikoresho bibasha gutahura utunyabutabire dutanga amashanyarazi muri za atome.
Kuri uyu wa kabiri itsinda ry’abakemurampaka ryatangaje abatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu cyiciro cy’ubuhanga mu by’ubugenge cyangwa se Fizike.
Abo nabo ni umufaransa Pierre Agostini, umunya Otrishe-Hongriya Ferenc Krausz hamwe na Madamu Anne L’Huillier, ufite ubwenegihugu bubiri – ubw’Ubufaransa n’ubwa Suwede.
Madamu L’Huillier usanzwe ari umwarimu wa kaminuza, we na bagenzi be iki gihembo bagihawe kubera ubushakashatsi bwabo ku bikoresho bibasha gutahura utunyabutabire tuba muri za atome no mu tubumbe twa atome tubasha gutanga amashanyarazi.
Inteko y’abakemurampaka yavuze ko aba uko ari batatu bashimwe “kubw’uburyo bw’igerageza bakoze bubasha gutahura udushashi tw’urumuri dusohoka mu gihe gitoya cyane gishoboka,
ubushakashatsi bufasha mu kwiga ku mikorere y’utunyabutabire dutoya cyane tuzwi nka “electron” dutanga amashanyarazi.”
Abakemurampaka bongeyeho ko ubushakashatsi bw’aba bahanga uko ari batatu bushobora kwifashishwa ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu bizamini byo mu buvuzi.”
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’abakemurampaka, aba bashakashatsi “berekanye uburyo bwo kurema udushashi duto cyane tw’urumuri twakwifashishwa mu gupima umuvuduko “electron” zigenderaho cyangwa se zihinduramo ingufu.”
Madamu L’Huillier asanzwe ari umwarimu kuri Kaminuza ya Lund University muri Suwede. Agostini we yigisha kuri Ohio State University yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, naho mugenzi wabo Krausz ni umuyobozi w’ikigo Max Planck Institute cyo mu Budage.
Ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel – icyiciro cy’ubuhanga mu by’ubugenge byatanzwe kuri uyu wa kabiri, nyuma y’ibyo mu cyiciro cy’ubuhanga mu by’ubuvuzi byari byatanzwe kuwa mbere w’iki cyumweru.
Ibyo nabyo byari byegukanywe n’abashakashatsi Katalin Kariko na Drew Weissman kubera ikoranabunganga bavumbuye ryaharuriye amayira ikorwa ry’inkingo za mRNA za Covid-19.
Mu kwa 12 kwa 2020 nibwo inkingo za mbere za mRNA zemejwe ko zibasha kurinda kwandura Covid-19. Ni nyuma y’amezi hafi icyenda ishami rya LONI ryita ku buzima ritangaje iyi ndwara nk’icyorezo cyugarije isi.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu doze z’inkingo za mRNA zibarirwa mu mamiliyari zimaze gutangwa hirya no hino ku isi.
Kariko w’imyaka 68 na Weissman w’imyaka 64, abanywanyi bakoranye igihe kirekire kuri Kaminuza ya Pennsylvania muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika basanzwe baratsindiye utundi dushimwe twinshi ku bw’ubushakashatsi bagiye bakora.
Kuri uyu wa gatatu naho, abashakashatsi Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus na Alexei Ekimov ni bo batangajwe ko batsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu cyiciro cy’ibinyabutabire-Shimi.
Aba bahanga mu bya siyansi, igihembo bagiherewe ubuvumbuzi bakoze ku tunyabutabire dutoya kubasha gutanga urumuri rwifashishwa muri ekara za mudasobwa na za televiziyo, rukanakoreshwa n’abaganga mu gutahura ibibyimba by’imbere mu mubiri.
Biteganijwe ko ibihembo byo mu cyiciro cy’ubuvanganzo n’ubwanditsi ndetse n’icy’uwaharaniye amahoro – ibihembo byombi bikurikirwa cyane – byo bizatangazwa kuri uyu wa Kane no kuwa Gatanu w’iki cyumweru.
Naho igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel cyo mu cyiciro cy’ubukungu – cyashyizweho muw’1968 kikanaba igihembo rukumbi kitari mu irage ryo muw’1895 rya Alfred Nobel, umuvumbuzi akaba
n’umugiraneza w’umunyasuwede washinze ibi bihembo, cyo kikazasoza itangwa ry’ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel by’uyu mwaka wa 2023 kuwa Mbere utaha.
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