Amatora muri Amerika 2020
Ububasha bw'Uwatowe Kuzaba Perezida w'Amerika
Perezida watorewe kuyobora Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ntaramenyekana.
Inzego zibishinzwe ntizirabyemeza, ariko ibitangazamakuru, birimo na VOA (Ijwi ry'Amerika), n'abanyapolitiki bakomeye bamwe na bamwe, nka Perezida George W. Bush w'Umurepubulikani, Senateri Mitt Romney wabaye kandida w'ishyaka ry'Abarepubulikani mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu mu 2012, na Perezida Barack Obama w'Umudemokarate, bemeza ko Joe Biden, kandida w'ishyaka ry'Abademokarate, ari we umaze kuzuza amajwi yagenwe n'itegeko yo gutsinda amatora.
Ni yo mpamvu yatangiye kwitwa "President-Elect" mu Cyongereza, “President Elu” mu Gifaransa cyangwa se "Uwatorewe kuzaba Perezida." Ibi bishatse kuvuga iki? Azaba akora iki mu gihe ataraba koko umukuru w'igihugu?
Ni nde Wemeza Uwatorewe Kuba Perezida w'Amerika?
Ku italiki ya 3 y'uku kwezi, abaturage bahisemo umwe mu bakandida biyamamazaga. Aba bakandida bari benshi ariko abavugwa ni babiri: Umudemokarate Joe Biden na Perezida Donald Trump w'Umurepubulikani. Nyamara rero, abaturage si bo mu by'ukuri batoye uzayobora igihugu mu myaka ine iri imbere. Ahubwo uko bagendaga bamuha amajwi, babaga bamutoreye, cyangwa bamuhaye, intumwa bita “Delegates.” (Delegues). Ni bo bitwa Electoral College mu Cyongereza, cyangwa se Koleji y'Abatora. Ni bo mu by'ukuri batora umukuru w'igihugu.
Uko kandida agenda abona amajwi buri muri buri leta ni ko agenda agira umubare munini w’intumwa. Kandida uje mbere mu majwi ya rubanda muri buri leta ni we intumwa zose zo muri iyo leta zigomba kwemeza. Ni yo mpamvu ibitangazamakuru, na rubanda, akenshi bamenya vuba ushobora gutsinda amakuru y'igihugu.
Muri aya matora ariko, ku buryo budasanzwe, kandida umwe, Donald Trump, yanze kwemera ko yatsinzwe. Yatanze ibirego byinshi mu nkiko za leta zitandukanye, avuga ko amatora yabayemo ubujura. Yemeza ko ari we watsinze. Ku rundi ruhande, Joe Biden yemeje ko ari we watsinze amatora. Bityo ko yiteguye gutandira gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho.
Ibyo ari byo byose, abagize Koleji y'Abatora bagomba gutorera umunsi umwe mu mirwa mikuru ya za leta zabo, nk'uko itegeko ribivuga, "kuwa mbere ukurikira uwa gatatu wa kabiri w'ukwezi kwa 12" gukurikira amatora ya rubanda. Mu magambo make, uyu mwaka bazatora ku italiki ya 14 y'ukwa 12 gutaha maze batore Perezida wa Repubulika na Visi-Perezida we.
Umubare w'intumwa za rubanda muri buri leta ungana n'umubare w'abahagarariye iyo leta mu nteko ishinga amategeko (Congress), imitwe yombi. Itegeko nshinga ry'Amerika rivuga ko buri leta yishyiriraho uburyo bwayo bwo guhitamo izi ntumwa. Muri iki gihe, bemezwa kenshi na kenshi n'inzego z'amashyaka ya ba kandida muri buri leta na Washington D.C.
Mu rwego rw'igihugu, intumwa zose zizatora perezida muri iki gihe ni 535 ba za leta, na batatu ba Washington D.C. Bose hamwe ni 538. Kandida uzatsinda amatora burundu, maze abe umukuru w'igihugu muri iyi myaka ine iri imbere, agomba kubona ubwiganze busesuye bw'amajwi y'intumwa 270, cyangwa arenga.
Abagize Koleji y'Abatora muri buri leta bazarangiza gutora boherereze raporo zabo inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu cyose (Congress) kugirango ikore ibarura ry'amajwi. Nk'uko amategeko abiteganya, Congress igomba guterana mu cyumweru cya mbere cy'ukwezi kwa mbere gukurikira itora rya Koleji y'Abatora. Muri iki gihe, Congress izabarura amajwi ku italiki ya 6 y'ukwa mbere gutaha. Ni bwo izatangaza burundu perezida mushya wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika.
Uwatorewe Kuba Perezida Akora Iki?
Joe Biden ntaremezwa burundu n'inzego zibishinzwe ko ari we watsinze amatora y'umukuru w'igihugu, n'ubwo bwose yatangiye kwitwa "Uwatorewe kuzaba Perezida." Bisobanuye iki? Ubu arimo arakora iki? Ate?
Itegeko nshinga rya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, cyangwa andi mategeko, nta na hamwe avuga igihe kandida atangira kwitwa "President-Elect", cyangwa "Uwatorewe kuzaba Perezida." Ariko itegeko ryo mu 1963 rishyira Urwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe ibikorwa rusange bya leta, General Services Administration, cyangwa GSA mu magambo ahinnye rivuga ko rugomba kugereranya ushobora gutsinda amatora kugirango rutangire rumufashe mu gihe cy'inzibacyuho, irangira perezida mushya amaze kurahira. Akenshi na kenshi narwo ruhera ku byemezwa n'ibitangazamakuru n'ijambo ry'uwatsinzwe yemera koko ko yatsinzwe.
Mu byo urwo rwego rwa guverinoma, GSA, rugomba gufasha uwatowe, harimo kumumenyera ingengo y'imali ashobora gukenera mu kazi ke ko kwitegura kuyobora igihugu, kumuha ibiro akoreramo we n'abakozi be b'inzibacyuho, n'ibikoresho bijyana nabyo, n'itumanaho.
Joe Biden nka President-Elect, mu rwego rwo kwitegura gutegeka, arimo arashakisha abazamufasha mu mirimo ye, nk'abazamubera abaminisitiri, n'abandi bo mu zindi nzego z'igihugu zitandukanye nk'itsinda ry'abahanga rizamugira inama ku buryo bwo kurwanya icyorezo cya virusi ya Corona no kuzahura ubukungu bw'igihugu.
We n'abamufasha, baratunganya imishinga y'amategeko-teka azahita ashyiraho umukono akimara kwimikwa. Aha, ibitangazamakuru byemeza ko amwe muri yo azakuraho aya Perezida Trump ku byerekeranye no gukumira abaturage b'ibihugu by'Abayisilamu bimwe na bimwe, gusubiza Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika muri OMS, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, no mu masezerano y'i Paris yo kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe, n'imishinga y'amategeko.
Mu bindi bagenerwa, President-Elect na Visi-Perezida bagomba kurindwa n'urwego rushinzwe umutekano wa perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika rwitwa United States Secret Service. Usibye ko ari narwo rurinda ba kandida-perezida wa Repubulika b'amashyaka akomeye guhera kw'iyicwa rya kandida w'Umudemokarate Robert Kennedy mu 1968.
Gusa rero, President-Elect si umukuru w'igihugu. Mu yandi magambo, nta bubasha na buke afite mu mitegekere yacyo. Ni umuntu witegura gusa kuzakiyobora. Bityo, nta cyemezo na kimwe Joe Biden ashobora gufatira igihugu cyangwa se mu izina ryacyo. Nta bubasha afite bwo kukivugira. Ibi byose azabibona namara kurahira ku italiki ya 20 y'ukwezi kwa mbere gutaha. Kugeza icyo gihe, perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ni umwe rukumnbi: Donald Trump.
Hagati aho, President-Elect byitwa umuntu mushya ugitsinda amatora. Perezida uriho, atsindiye indi manda ya kabiri, we ntajya yitwa President-Elect kuko nyine aba akiri umukuru w'igihugu. Visi-Perezida nawe usimbuye umukuru w'igihugu iyo apfuye, yeguye cyangwa akuweho, nawe ntajya yitwa President-Elect, kuko ahita aba umukuru w'igihugu ako kanya nta zindi nzira anyuzemo. Ariko iyo umuntu asanzwe ari Visi-Perezida, akiyamamaza mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu, iyo ayatsinze we yitwa President-Elect kugera yimitswe.
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Kongre y'Amerika Ntirabasha Kubona Umuyobozi
Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika iri mu keragati kubera inteko ishinga amategeko ituzuye. Umwe mu badepite w’Umudemokarate witwa Ted Lieu ukomoka muri Leta ya California, mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu, arabisobanura mu magambo yoroheje.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’ikigo ntaramakuru AP cya hano muri Amerika, aragira, ati: “Ubu sinzi icyo ndi cyo. Sinzi niba ngifite ubwishingizi mu buvuzi. Sinzi niba abakozi banjye bahembwa.”
Koko rero, abadepite bashya ntibaritwa abadepite, ahubwo bitwa abadepite batowe, igihe cyose batararahira. Kandi ntibashobora kurahira igihe cyose bataratora umuyobozi wabo “Speaker”.
Bityo, nta tegeko bashobora gutora. Nta komite cyangwa komisiyo bashobora gushyiraho. Ntibashobora kugenzura imikorere ya guverinoma. Ted Lieu yongeraho ko aba badepite batowe badafite uburenganzira bwo kubona amabanga y’umutekano w’igihugu n’isi. Ati: “Ubu habaye ikibazo ntacyo twakora.”
Nabo ubwabo, n’abakozi babafasha mu miimo ya buri munsi mu nteko, ntibazi niba bazahembwa. Baribaza no ku tundi tuntu dukorwa buri munsi. Bati: “Ese imbuga nkoranyambaga zacu (websites) zizahinduka. Ese e-mail zacu zizakomeza gukora?”
Mu gihe badashobora gutora amategeko, Sena nayo ntiyabishobora. Kugirango itegeko ribeho rigomba kubanza kwemezwa n’imitwe yombi y’inteko ishinga amategeko Congress. Sena yo yararahiye kuwa kabiri, nk’uko byari biteganyijwe.
Uyu munsi, na none baragerageza gushyiraho Speaker. Inshuro zose eshashatu bamaze gutora, eshatu ejobundi kuwa kabiri n’izindi eshatu ejo kuwa gatatu, ntacyo zatanze. (AP)
USA: Imirimo yo Kwemeza Ministiri Mushya w'Ubutabera muri Sena
Muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, uyu munsi Komite ya Sena igenzura inzego z'ubucamanza iratangira kumva uwo Perezida Joe Biden yahisemo kugirango azamubere minisitiri w'ubutabera, Merrick Garland, mu rwego rw'ibikorwa byo kumwemeza.
Komite irumva umucamanza Merrick Garland uyu munsi n'ejo kuwa kabili. Izatora ku italiki ya mbere y'ukwezi gutaha kugirango imwemeze, cyangwa imwange. Niramuka imwemeje, Sena yose nayo izatora nyuma yaho. Garland afite icyizere: Abademokarate bose uko ari 50 baramushyigikiye kandi bamwe mu basenateri bakomeye b'Abarepubulikani nabo batangiye kuvuga ko bazamuha amajwi yabo.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, amashyirahamwe y'abapolisi, abigeze kuba abacamanza bo ku rwego rw'igihugu barenga 60, n'abigeze kuba abategetsi bo hejuru muri minisiteri y'ubutabera barenga 150 bo mu mashyaka yombi nabo batangaje ko bamwemera. Bavuga ko ari umugabo ushoboye akazi, uzi neza amategeko kandi uyubaha cyane.
Merrick Garland afite imyaka 68 y'amavuko. Yize iby'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Havard. Muri iki gihe ni perezida w'urukiko rw'ubujurire rwo ku rwego rw'igihugu mu karere k'ubucamanza ka Washington D.C., urukiko yashyizwemo na Perezida Bill Clinton mu 1997.
Yamenyekanye cyane mu 2016 ubwo uwari umukuru w'igihugu Barack Obama yamugenaga kugirango abe umucamanza mu rukiko rw'ikirenga rwa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika. Ariko icyo gihe, Abarepubulikani bategekaga Sena banze kumwumva, bavuga ko batabikora mu mwaka w'amatora.
Kuri bo, gushyira umucamanza mushya mu rukiko rw'ikirenga byagombaga gutegereza umukuru w'igihugu wari gutorwa, waje kuba Trump. Garland yategereje iminsi 293 yose, kugera igihe Perezida Trump ashyiriyeho undi mucamanza koko.
Nyamara rero, nyuma yaho, mu mwaka w'amatora w'2020, undi mwanya warabonetse mu rukiko rw'ikirenga. Perezida Trump yawushyizemo umucamanza mushya ku italiki ya 26 y'ukwa cyenda, ukwezi kumwe kurengaho gato mbere y'amatora yo ku italiki ya 3 y'ukwa 11 gushize. Abarepubulikani bo muri Sena bihutishije dosiye ye jugujugu, bamwemeza mu kwezi kumwe gusa. Abademokarate byarabarakaje cyane.
Azahura n'akazi katoroshye
Merrick Garland naramuka abaye minisitiri w'ubucamanza, umwe mu bakomeye muri guverinoma ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, azahura n'ibibazo by'ingutu.
Icya mbere: azaba yinjiye muri minisiteri yataye umurongo, iba igikoresho cya politiki. Yatangaje ko mbere yo kwemera icyifuzo cya Perezida Biden yabanje kumubaza, we na Visi-Perezida Kamala Harris, niba minisiteri y'ubutabera izagira ubwigenge bwayo. Mu kwa mbere gushize, Joe Biden yamushubije ku mugaragaro, ati: "Si jye agomba gukorera. Ashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko, gukorera itegeko nshinga, n'abaturage b'iki gihugu."
Icya kabiri: kuri Merrick Garland, "Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ntiragera ku rwego rw'ubutabera rumwe ku baturage bayo bose." Mu nyandiko y'iriburiro yashyize ahagaragara aza kubanza gusoma imbere ya Komite ya Sena igenzura inzego z'ubucamanza, avuga ko "abaturage b'Abirabura n'abandi ba nyakamwe bagihura n'ivangura mu miturire, mu mashuli, mu kazi, no mu nzego z'ubucamanza." Asobanura ko aramutse abaye minisitiri w'ubutabera yakwihatira kurwanya ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose, n'ibitero byibasira inzego za guverinoma.
Muri uru rwego, azaba ashinzwe ibibazo by'Abirabura bahohoterwa n'abapolisi, byakuruye imyigaragambyo y'akaraboneka, no gukomeza gukurikirana abayoboke ba Trump amagana, barimo n'abo mu mitwe y'intagondwa z'Abazungu, bagabye igitero ku ngoro y'inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu ku italiki ya 6 y'ukwezi kwa mbere gushize.
Avuga ko abifitemo ubunararibonye kuko mbere yo kuba umucamanza mu rukiko rw'ubujurire, Garland yari umushinjacyaha. Ni we wayoboye anketi n'ubushinjacyaha mu rubanza rw'umugabo witwa Timothy McVeigh, wateze igisasu ku nyubakwa y'umuturirwa ya leta mu 1995 muri Oklahoma City, umurwa mukuru wa leta ya Oklahoma, iri mu majyepfo ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika. Iki gitero cyahitanye abantu 168. McVeigh yahamwe n'ibyaha yaregwaga. Urukiko rwamukatiye urwo gupfa, anyongwa mu mwaka w'2001.
Izindi anketi zitoroshye zatangiye Garland azakomeza gukurikirana naramuka yemejwe ni izireba umuhungu w'umukuru w'igihugu, Hunter Biden, ukekwaho ibyaha birebana n'imisoro, n'amavu n'amavuko y'izirebana n'imyivangire y'Uburusiya mu matora ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika yo mu 2016.
Perezida Magufuli: Imana Yarazimanganije Corona muri Tanzaniya
Prezida Magufuli avuga ko Imana yazimanganije ikiza ca Covid-19 mu gihugu ciwe. Yamara abayobozi ba Ekleziya Katolika babibona ukundi. Baragabishije muri iyi ndwi ku bindi bitigiri vyinshi vy’abantu banduye uwo mugera.
Bavuga ko Tanzaniya atari igihugu kiri ukwaco mu makungu. Basaba abayoboke babo barimwo Prezida Magufuli gusenga, yamara bakongera bagafata ingingo zimaze igihe zikwirikizwa mu bindi bice vyo kw’isi, harimwo kwirinda kuja mu bibanza bikoraniramwo abantu benshi canke kwegerana cane n’abandi.
Ikinyamakuru ca Ekleziya Katolika cashize ku rupapuro rwa mbere uno musi ku wa gatanu urwandiko runini ruvuga ko ikiza ca Corona kihari muri Tanzaniya. Ico gihugu carafashe ingingo itandukanye n’ibindi bihugu kuva mu kwezi kwa kane, igihe catangura guhagarika gutanga ibiharuro vya nyuma vy’abandura umugera wa Covid-19.
Benshi mu bategetsi bajejwe amagara y’abantu babeshuje ivyatangajwe na Prezida Magufuli vy’uko ikiza ca Covid-19 cazimanganijwe mu gihugu, barirukanywe mu kazi kabo. Tanzaniya yarafashe intambwe zikomeye mu ntumbero yo guteza imbere igisata c’ingenzi no kwirinda ingaruka zikomeye, zivuye kuri ico kiza. Izo ngingo zitegeka abanyagihugu kuguma mu ngo zabo.
Mu gihe ibihugu vyo muri Afrika biriko birondera incandago imiliyoni n’imiliyoni zo gukingira abanyagihugu bavyo, Magufuli muri iyi ndwi yaragirije abantu bakingiwe hakoreshejwe izo ncandago mu bihugu vyo mu mahanga ko bariko bazana ico kiza mu gihugu. Ntiyemera kandi niba izo ncandago zikora. Yasavye ubushikiranganji bujejwe amagara y’abantu kutihutira ivyerekeye incandago batabanje kumenya neza ko ata bibazo zifise.
Abajijwe ku vyerekeye Tanzaniya ku musi wa kane, umuyobozi w’ikigo kijejwe kwirinda n’ukurwanya indwara muri Afrika, John Nkengasong, yabwiye abamenyeshamakuru ko mu gihe abanyafrika batorwaniriza hamwe ikiza ca Covid-19 ku mugabane wose wa Afrika, bazoba bagiye mu kaga gakomeye
Amatohoza ku Cateye Covid-19 Yatanguye
Abahinga b'ishami rya ONU ryitaho amagara y'abantu kw'isi, OMS, bagendeye uno musi ku wa gatanu ibitaro vyavuye abantu ba mbere banduye umugera wa Covid-19 mu gisagara ca Wuhan mu gihugu c'Ubushinwa.
Urugendo muri ivyo bitero rwabaye urwa mbere abo bahinga bagize inyuma yuko bikumiye mu kiringo c’indwi zibiri. Umuvugizi w’ishirahamwe OMS, Margaret Harris, avuga ko igikorwa cabo mu gisagara ca Wuhan kizokwisunga ingendo ziteguwe n’abategetsi b’Ubushinwa kubera ingingo zafashwe ku bijanye n’ukurwanya ikiza ca Covid-19.
Amenyesha ko bazovugana gusa n’abantu batandukanye babonwa ko bafise ico baterera mw’itohoza ku mamuko y’umugera wa Covid-19. Zhang Jixian, umuyobozi w’ibitaro abahinga b’ishirahamwe OMS bagendeye uno musi ku wa gatanu avurwa ko ari we wa mbere yatangaje izina rya virus ya Corona inyuma yuko avuye umugore n’umugabo bageze mu za bukuru mu mpera z’umwaka w’i 2019.
Abo bahinga ba OMS babonanye n’abaganga hamwe n’abakozi bo muri ivyo bitaro bavuye abantu ba mbere barwaye bivuye ku mugera wa Covid-19. Bavuganye ibitari bike ku vyerekeye akazi kabo.
Bitegekanijwe ko bagendera ibigo vy’ugupimiramwo imiti n’incandago, amasoko n’ibitaro mu kiringo c’indwi zibiri basigaje mu gisagara ca Wuhan, aho umugera wa Corona watowe ubwa mbere mu mpera z’umwaka w’i 2019.
Joe Biden Aratangaza Gahunda yo Guhangana na Covid-19
Joe Biden watorewe kuba perezida w'Amerika kuri uyu wa kane aratangaza gahunda yo guhangana n'ikiza cya virusi ya Corona. Iyo gahunda irimo kongera inkingo zitangwa no kurwanya ingaruka icyo kiza cyagize ku bukungu.
Biteganijwe ko iyo gahunda ari buze kuyitangaza mu ijambo ari buvuge kuri uyu mugoroba. Yamaze gushyiraho intego yo kuzaba hatanzwe inkingo zigera kuri miliyoni 100 mu misi yambere 100 y'ubutegetsi bwe uhereye ku italiki 20 z'uku kwezi kwa mbere.
Muri gahunda ye, byitezwe ko hashobora kubamo kongera ingengo y'imali yo kwagura gahunda yo gutanga inkingo z'ikiza cya Covid 19. Ubutegetsi bw'Amerika bwemeje ku buryo bw'ingoboka ikoreshwa ry'ubwoko bubiri bw'inkingo butandukanye. Bwombi busaba ko umuntu ahabwa urwo rukingo inshuro ebyiri. Kugeza ubu abantu barenga miliyoni 10 ni bo bamaze guhabwa urukingo rwa mbere.
Gahunda ya Biden yo kurwanya ikiza cya virusi ya Corona kandi yitezwe ko ishobora kubamo indi nkunga y'amafaranga izahabwa imiryango y'abaturage b'Amerika. Iheruka gutangwa yatindijwe nuko habayeho kutumvikana ku byerekeye ingano yayo.
Umujyanama wa Perezida Biden mu byerekeye ubukungu Brian Deese, ku wa gatatu yavuze ko muri gahunda nshya hazaba hakubiyemo n'inkunga ku bakora ubucuruzi buciriritse. Yavuze ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko izabanza kwita ku gutora ingingo zirebana n'ingamba zo gutanga iyo nkunga nyuma ikareba mu buryo bwagutse ibyo kuzahura ubukungu n'ibyerekeye ubuvuzi n'ibikorwa remezo.
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